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A2Z GK for UPSC, MPSC, UPPSC, GPSC, MPPSC, KPSC, APPSC, BPSC, etc. The Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) are provided in Part IV of the constitution starts from Article 36 to Article 51. The idea of Directive Principles of State Policy was borrowed from the Irish Constitution and copied it from the Spanish Constitution. The Directive Principles of State Policy are analogous to the 'Instrument of Instructions' enumerated in the Government of India Act of 1935. It includes a comprehensive programme for a modern democratic country, which aims to realisation of Justice (social, economic and political), Liberty, Equality and Fraternity which are outlined in the preamble of the constitution. These are non-justifiable in nature, but these are fundamental in the governance of the country. Generally DPSPs are categorized according to socialistic, Gandhian and liberal-intellectual principles.  SOCIALISTIC PRINCIPLES: Articles related to these principles carries the ideology of ...

Indian polity for UPSC, MPSC, UPPSC, GPSC, MPPSC, KPSC, APPSC, BPSC, etc. Maharashtra state board books download pdf The president is the head of the Indian State and first citizen of India. The president indirectly elected by members of electoral college ( the elected members of the Loksabha and Rajyasabha + the elected members of the legislative assemblies of the states + the elected members of the legislative assemblies of the Union Territories).  As rajyasabha is a house of states in witch most of the members (excluding 12 nominated members) elected by the elected members of the legislative assemblies of the states and union territories thus rajyasabha is a indirect representation of the legislative assemblies of states and union territories.  From above discussion we can say that state legislative assemblies have large voting share in the presidential elections as MLAs and rajyasabha MPs are part of the electoral college of presidential elections.

Indian polity for UPSC, MPSC, UPPSC, GPSC, MPPSC, KPSC, APPSC, BPSC, etc. Maharashtra state board books download pdf Out of 545 members of Loksabha, 530 members are elected from the states, 13 members are elected from the union territories which are directly elected by people and remaining 2 members were nominated by the president of India from Anglo Indian community if he thinks their representation in the house is less. Original act of the constitution available till 1960 but it was extended till 2020 by the 95th Amendment Act, 2009. Through 104th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2019 parliament discontinued this provision. 

Indian polity for UPSC, MPSC, UPPSC, GPSC, MPPSC, KPSC, APPSC, BPSC, etc. India observes the constitution day every year on 26th November, to mark the adoption of the constitution by the Constituent Assembly on November 26, 1949.  It is the most powerful document of the Indian Republic. It gives power and strength to  the state, at same time it limits the power of Government. It allows the Government to work within the framework. It clearly indicates that the source of power comes from the people of India.   It is guide to the Government for governance of the country ( Directive Principles of State Policies) , also it includes fundamental rights and fundamental duties of the citizens and other people. It is the sovereign will of the people. 

NCERT notes for UPSC, MPSC, UPPSC, GPSC, MPPSC, KPSC, APPSC, BPSC, etc. Pdf download Maharashtra state board books What is preamble? The term preamble referred as a introduction or preface to the constitution. Some of the constitutional experts called the preamble as the identity card of the constitution of India. It is based on the 'Objective Resolution' which are drafted and moved by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru in constituent assembly.  Amendment under Article 368: The 42nd constitutional amendment act (1976) amended the only once in a history, which added three new words-- socialist, secular and integrity. Keywords in the preamble: Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic, Republic, Justice, Liberty, Equality, Fraternity, etc. What are the ingredients of the preamble? I) Source of authority of the constitution: The preamble states that the constitution of India derives the it's authority from the people of India.  II) Nature of state: The preamble declares India as a sovere...

Every year all of us celebrates 26th January as a republic day as on 26th January 1950 our constitution came into force. But before independence 26th January was celebrated as independence day of India. There are some reasons behind it as we know that before independence in 1929 during Lahore session of Congress Congress president Jawaharlal Nehru put forward the resolution of complete independence. Accordingly Congress celebrated 26th January as a independence day from 26th January 1930 every year.  After independence 15th August is celebrated as independence day, but 26th January has different importance as resolution of complete independence passed on 26th January 1930. To keep the importance of that day constitution of India was enforced on 26th January 1950 and celebrated as republic day.                      _______________ प्रत्येक वर्षी 26 जानेवारी 1950 रोजी आपण सर्वजण प्रजासत्ताक दिन म्हणून साजरा करतो. आमची राज्यघटना अ...

 Introduction: This act named for then British prime minister William Pitt the younger. This act established a dual control system for British possessions in India by the British government and the East India Company with final responsibility with British crown. This act is also known as the East India Company Act, 1784. This act mainly passed to remove the defects of Regulating Act of 1773. Through this act company retained control of commerce and day to day administration but important political affairs reserved with the  British government.  Features: a) Through this act political and commercial affairs of company were separated for political affairs Board of control was created and for commercial affairs court of Directors was appointed ( Board of control which directly represents to British Government comprising six members taking care of civil and military affairs which makes the East India Company subordinate to the British Government). b) The term "British possess...

 Introduction:  a) This was the first constitutional step taken by the British government to control and regulate the affairs of East India Company.  b) It is the foundations of central administration in India.  Features: a) It designated the Governor of Bengal as Governor General of Bengal ( first Governor General of Bengal was Lord Warren Hastings). b) It created an executive council of four members to assist Governor General of Bengal.  c) This act makes Governor General of Bengal as highest authority in British India and makes Governor of Bombay and Madras presidency subordinate to him. d) This act makes mandatory for the court of Directors to report the Companies revenue, military and civil affairs regularly. e) It provides for the establishment of the Supreme Court at Calcutta ( accordingly Supreme Court was established at Calcutta in 1774 comprising Chief Justice and other three Judges).  f) It prohibited the private trade made by company servants.